The Overcrowding Of Prison And Massachusetts - 1261 Words

After exploring options of which states had the most overcrowding in prisons, the best option to go with was California because states like Alabama and Massachusetts did not have current statistics. If anything, their statistics were from 2016 or 2013, making data harder to collect. Therefore, according to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation website, the most recent report they have of the total population is as of midnight February 8, 2017. The total population is 180,885, with four of them being civil addict. Total in-custody is of 129,284 inmates, parole is 44,721, non-CDC jurisdiction is 1,022 and lastly other population #6 inmates with 5,854 (â€Å"Weekly Report of Population†, 2017). Once again looking at a weekly†¦show more content†¦This law increased the population rate in prison because not only did it affect serious crimes, it also affected those that committed petty crimes. Later on, after the prisons were so overcrowded, California ’s Proposition 36 changed the way â€Å"Three Strikes â€Å" law was. Proposition 36 allowed those to only get life sentence if their new felony conviction was serious or violent (â€Å"California Proposition†, 2017). Not only that, Martinez states that the state was then under pressure from a three-judge federal court. In 2011, the federal court ordered the state to reduce its population to 137.5 % by December 31st or be held in contempt. The judges determined that in order to meet the medical and mental health care of inmates, the only way to resolve this was to reduce prison overcrowding (â€Å"California to Challenge†, 2013). Another addition to the changes in the prison population was California’s Public Safety Realignment Act of 2011, this allowed certain offenders to serve their sentence in jail rather than prison (â€Å"Realignment Report†, 2013). Before 1998, California’s state prisons were designed to house 66,000 inmates, that m eant one inmate per prison cell. Around the time of September of 1998, there were 120,000 inmates resulting in an overcrowding level of 182 %. Construction plans after 1998 were for new prisons to hold 80,000 inmates (â€Å"Accommodating†, 1995). Referring back to the 137.5% reduction that needed to be met by three-judge panel, that would mean that it wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Unconstitutional Horrors Of Prison Overcrowding934 Words   |  4 PagesUNCONSTITUTIONAL HORRORS OF PRISON OVERCROWDING. The article is preceded with an illustration of a jail cell in Texas where a prisoner would wait to be executed. The author starts her article off with a hypothetical scenario involving convicts being executed entirely based on their healthiness. She went on to reference the 2011 Supreme Course Brown v. Plata. Mayeux mentions how the most functional of prisons have a difficult time employing certified medical staff. This prison in California was builtRead MoreThe Overcrowding Of The C orrectional Facilities1730 Words   |  7 Pagesthreat to maintaining this balance is the overcrowding of prisons. In 2011, the United States Supreme Court ruled that massive overcrowding of California prisons violates its prisoner’s eighth amendment right protecting them from cruel and unusual punishment (Boylan, 2015, p. 558). At the time California’s correctional institutions were at double their capacity, housing over 155, 500 prisoners in only 33 institutions (Specter, 2010, p. 194). The overcrowding of correctional facilities is one of theRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1645 Words   |  7 PagesThere have been recent debates over the methods used for putting people to death and over the abolishment of the death penalty. Despite its controversial nature, the death penalty must be in effect to diminish the rate of crime, regulate the overcrowding in prisons and for the solemn purpose of incapacitation. The death penalty was not just put into effect in recent years, but has been around for a long time. The death penalty dates back to the colonial time period (Smith 3). According to the articleRead MoreJust Mercy By Bryan Stevenson Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesmurdered his stepfather because he was abusive with his mom and left her unconscious on the floor. Charlie was sentenced to an adult prison because his stepfather was an ex-police officer. When Steven heard about Charlie’s case he ran to the prison to go see him and the first thing that Charlie tells Stevenson is how every night he would get sexually abused in prison by so many men ,and how they would do really awful things to him. â€Å"Florida is one of a few states that allows the prosecutor to decideRead MoreCapital Punishment Research Study1288 Words   |  6 Pagesfour each from California and Louisiana, three each from Nevada and Massachusetts, two each from Missouri, Florida, Tennessee, and Georgia, and one each from Oklahoma, New York, West Virginia, and Maryland. According to The Death Penalty Information center, Alabama, Nevada, Florida, California, Oklahoma, Missouri, Texas, Tennessee, South Carolina, Louisiana, and Georgia support the death penalty. Maryland, West Virginia, Massachusetts, and New York have abolished the death penalty (States With and WithoutRead More Benefits of the Death Penalty Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pageskilled someone you know? He should receive the death penalty! Murderers and rapists should be punished for the crimes they have committed and should pay the price for their wrongdoing. Having the death penalty in our society is humane; it helps the overcrowding problem and gives relief to the families of the victims, who had to go through an event such as murder. Without the death penalty, criminals would be more inclined to commit additional violent crimes. Fear of death discourages people from committingRead MoreThe Death Of The Devon County Pauper Lun atic Asylum876 Words   |  4 Pagesill with better living conditions, sunny rooms and the ability to roam around the grounds. Though some things have improved, mistreatment in other asylums persisted. In the 1840s U.S. reformer Dorothea Dix observed that mentally ill people in Massachusetts were still mistreated. â€Å"Timeline: Treatments for Mental Illness† continues, â€Å"they were incarcerated with criminals and left unclothed and in darkness and without hear or bathrooms. Many are chained and beaten.† Over the next 40 years Dix establishesRead MoreThe Crime Of The American Criminal Justice System1898 Words   |  8 Pages Over the last few decades, the American criminal justice system has seen an increase in the amount of drug offenses being committed. While the number of drug offenses have increased, the amount of resources for addicts who are in prison have not. Although it has been made clear that drug abuse and crime are linked, the justice system has co ntinued to punish offenders, rather than allowing them treatment. The lack of resources provided to prisoners who have issues with addiction has contributedRead MoreSlavery In The River Of Dark Dreams By Walter Johnson1745 Words   |  7 Pagesthe North dictated the price placed on slaves, and the cotton produced in the South was shipped North to create textiles in Northern factories (Baptist 198). This network of wealth traveled all around the nation, linking Mississippi planters to Massachusetts manufactures and uniting the entire country’s dependence on and profit from slave labor (Johnson 11). While we can now see how slavery embodied and shaped modern American capitalism from analysis of Baptist and Johnson’s texts, it is even moreRead MoreThe Prison Industrial Complex Within The U.s. Essay2151 Words   |  9 Pagesof the Prison Industrial Complex within the U.S. Following the privatisation of the prison industry in the 1970’s, the prison population of the U.S. has increased by an estimated 500%. Despite this, statistics suggests that overall reported crime rates have remained relatively stable. (Fortner, 2013). A question is raised then, as to why incarceration rates would be on the rise despite little change in crime. This essay will attempt to answer this question and to make sense of the Prison Industrial

New Testament Paper Notes - 2024 Words

New Testament Paper: 1 Timothy 4:11-15 First Timothy 4:11-15 was written by the Apostle Paul to Timothy. He writes this letter after he leaves Timothy and goes to Macedonia during his fourth missionary. At the time of these letters, Timothy was serving as pastor of the local church in Ephesus. Timothy was a native of Lystra, a Roman colony in the province of Galatia. He was a pastor who accompanied Paul on his second and third missionary. He seemed to become Paul’s protà ©gà ©, and Paul spoke of himself as Timothy’s â€Å"father† and of Timothy as his â€Å"son†. First Timothy, along with Second Timothy and Titus are known as the Pastoral letters. Paul has previously warned the Ephesian elders that false teachers would distort the truth and lead people†¦show more content†¦15 Take pains with these things; be absorbed in them, so that your progress will be evident to all {command}.† Paul commands Timothy to teach, to set an example, give attention to scripture, to not neglect th e spiritual gift he has, and to be absorbed in all he is doing so that others will see he progress. There are no repeated words, phrases, idea; comparisons; or contrasts in 1 Timothy 4:11-15. In 1 Timothy 4:12 there is an example of a list, â€Å"Let no one look down on your youthfulness, but rather in speech, conduct, love, faith, and purity, show yourself an example for those who believe†. This list provides ways from Timothy to live and states specific ways he can avoid criticism from those who think he is too young. Also in 1 Timothy 4:12 is an example of a contraction, â€Å"Let no one look down on your youthfulness, but rather in speech, conduct, love, faith, and purity, show yourself an example for those who believe†. The contraction here emphasizes the point that instead of allowing the elders to look down and criticize him, Timothy must show these opposing characteristics. It is in these attributes he will gain respect from the elders. Verb tense in 1 Timothy 4:11-15 can be categorized as follows. â€Å"11 Prescribe and teach these things {present}. 12 Let no one look down on your youthfulness {present}, but rather in speech, conduct, love, faith and purity, show yourself an example of those who believe {present}. 13 UntilShow MoreRelatedThe Foundation Of Orthodoxy And The Canon1484 Words   |  6 Pages THE FOUNDATION OF ORTHODOXY AND THE CANON A Paper Presented to Dr. Nickens of Liberty University Lynchburg, VA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Church History CHHI 301 by Whitney J. Fitzwater April 6, 2015 INTRODUCTION The history of the Church has seen key event and movements that influenced the New Testament canon. The way by which the New Testament cannon was formed as it was is a subject of debate to this day. To truly know and beginRead MoreResearch Paper 1688 Words   |  3 Pages* Research Paper 1:†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ The first paper is due by Monday, April 9, 11:59 p.m. You MAY use sources outside of the Liberty Search Engine (and are encouraged to do so). Also you may use scholarly books and not just journal articles. You should avoid using generic websites that do not appear scholarly in nature. A good rule of thumb is that if a website does not have an author, it is not a good source. Good online material has also usually been published in print at some point. Google Scholar and JSTORRead MoreThe Old Testament Is Not Inspired By God1741 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially the Old Testament is not the inspired word of God because of the command to destroy the Canaanites. Many use this as a basis of their argument that the scriptures are not inspired by God because they wonder how could God, a God of non-violence, mercy and goodness command such a thing. The focus of this paper will be â€Å"how is one to respond to this accusation that the Old Testament is not inspired because of commands to dest roy people such as the Canaanites? This paper will attempt to answerRead MoreThe Foundation Of Orthodoxy And The Canon1188 Words   |  5 PagesThis research paper is rich in documented history, but ultimately all who contributed to the New Testament understood that Jesus was the main influence. Our Christian Orthodox founder is Jesus and His word. After Jesus’s death and resurrection he promised the Apostles that the Holy Spirit would guide them in their missionary tasks. As promised, the beginnings of Jesus deity began to a new growth and height of worshipers. The Age of the Apostles began the shaping of our New Testament Cannon in ourRead More Atonement Essay example1591 Words   |  7 Pagesinto a unity(Douglas, 107). It is a theological term which derives from the Anglo-Saxon. The word atonement appears eighty seven times in the Old Testament in the RSV Bible(Nelson, 55). According to Strongs Exhaustive Concordance, which is using the King James Version, appears seventy seven times in the Old Testament and only once in the New Testament. In Leviticus, atonement appears fifty one times, more than any other book of the bible. In Numbers it appears seventeen times and in Exodus elevenRead MoreGood News Bible : The Testament And The New Testament1316 Words   |  6 PagesBible Society). Good News Bible is a compilation of the Old Testament and the New Testament in their entirety (the American Bible Society had actually made their version of the New Testament available a decade prior). This information is made easily available in small print on the first few pages just as in most relatively modern books. The society was founded in 1816 and its goal has always been to make the Bible more intelligible. The stories contained within the Good News Bible don t deviateRead MoreHow God Views Covenants On The Gospels, Acts, And Revelations1740 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Old Testament the word covenant is used to remind God’s people of his steadfast and unfailing devotion to them as they navigate in a world without a visible God. As God sends his it is clear to see even more of how God values the covenants he has made with h is people. This paper will talk about how God views covenants in the Gospels, Acts, Paul’s Epistles, the General Epistles, and Revelations. In the Gospels, Jesus fulfills prophecies and promises that God made in the Old Testament, and alsoRead MoreTheology of Missions Paper1440 Words   |  6 PagesA PAPER SUBMITTED TO IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE Theology of Missions Paper ICST 500 BY TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------1 Encountering Missions in the Old and New Testament-----------1 Mission Theology----------------------------------------------------------4 Effecting the People-------------------------------------------------------4 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------5 Read MoreThe Mystery of the Blessed Trinity718 Words   |  3 Pageshere, but they can be explored in depth in the next section of the paper (III), which deals with Scripture†¦ Matthew 28:18; Matthew 10:20; Luke 24:49; 2 Cor 13:13; Acts 13:2 John 21:25 Observe Tradition: From Tradition early Church Fathers: Athanasian Creed; Theophilus of Antioch: first use of word trinitas; Tertullian; Origen; Augustine; etc. Finding the Trinity: Historical Background Old Testament: In the Old Testament the Trinity of Persons is expressed in many ways; thus at the veryRead MoreJewish Death And Burial Practices1410 Words   |  6 Pagesand to go on living in a society that is now deprived of one of its members. Burial traditions and practices have developed throughout history and around the world to meet this human need. This paper will examine Jewish death and burial practices from the Old Testament, the Gospels, and other New Testament accounts, as well as archaeological evidence from first century Palestine; this evidence, when compared to recent arguments against the burial of Jesus, supports the Biblical narrative that Jesus

Activity Based Costing Analysis

Question: Discuss about theActivity Based Costing Analysis. Answer: Introduction Activity based costing is a technique which makes costing of products and services more accurate. It guides the management of the organization about understanding and evaluating about allocation of resources in an organization value chain process. It was introduced in early 1980s, according to Corrigan in 1996, approximately 41% of the organizations were currently using this technique at that time and 33% of the corporations were believed in adopting such practices in near future. This system is usually used in organization where previous system is either not evaluating cost accurately or the organizations which are highly conscious about cost. Traditionally this method was only presumed for manufacturing companies, but now it has been used in each type or organization. However this analysis is not preferred for small manufacturing companies, because it is very difficult for them to identify and evaluate the whole activity cost. Apart from this, it requires more monitoring control at each level. The benefit of this is, it has provided more techniques to trace errors. By this, it has enabled the organization to make more accurate decisions based on costing (Chandra Pramanik, 2012). The assignment gives an overview of activity based costing. The assignment considers this analysis by considering Chysler Corporation. Following are the organizations which gave advanced implementations from ABC analysis like Caterpillar, Marmon keystone, Charles schwab company, Northeastern utilities and Chrysler Corporation (Innes, Mitchell Sinclair, 2000). Uses of Activity Based Costing by Organizations ABC analysis has many uses in an organization. The method of cost structure is a considerable process that is used to understand by a customer to know about the ability of company to compete in the market. It is highly preferred method of costing in organization because, it helps to identify the true and full cost of the processes involves in making the output. It ensures transparency in managing process of organization. Apart from that it helps to identify the non value adding processes, any wastage. According to cooper in 1991, the increasing cost and diversification of costs is the main reason for adopting and implementing activity based costing (Fei Isa, 2010). The main objective of adopting activity based costing is to come over the loop holes of traditional based costing. In traditional method of accounting the business overheads such as lighting, marketing and heating expenses were charged under direct cost of that particular process. Activity based costing indicates proper cost of the product or service. Besides this it also give a better presentation of the organizations financial statements (Fadzil Rababah, 2012). The use of ABC techniques has reduced the cost of the products and services, at the same time it has enabled the company managers to focus on maximization on shareholders wealth. By tracing non valued added inventories, it has enabled the company to spend its resources and energy on those inventories which can lead to positive return. It has to be ensured by the corporation before introducing activity based costing in their organization, the consent of all the managers must be taken, as they are the only one who will make the laborers understands about the technique. Experiences of the Organizations that have used Activity Based Costing Experiences can be identified by the differences in the organizations who have implemented the activity based costing. The difference can be noticed in their financial performances. It was identified the improvement in the behavior and organizational factors of that particular organization. These factors can be termed as improvement in support from top management, adequate training and development courses. According to Anderson in 1995, factors that may influence activity based costing are context specific. That is there are many other factors that can influence the implementation of activity based costing such as stages of implementation of ABC, technical factors and environmental factors of specific organizations. These are the factors that influence the success of activity based costing implementation. Besides this, the respective method requires a lot of data to be collected, hence it is faced by many big corporations like in china, and they took a longer time period for collecti ng the data. It has also been observed in china, that companies which are indulged in intangibles, it seems very difficult to gauge the overhead costing and taking measures to reduce the cost (Rbabah, 2013). Chrysler Corporation which is an American car manufacturer, have adopted ABC analysis in their costing method. The experience they have observed is that the implementation of ABC analysis has enabled the company in saving million of dollars. The corporation has introduced this system in early 1991s. The analysis helped the company in calculating the correct cost of parts used. It was the only first company who make implement activity based costing technique to meet the resistance made by its managers. Hence the company firstly made ready the managers for implementing this technique and after that to make understand to laborers various seminars have been organized by the company. Activity costing method requires more resources as compare to the traditional accounting method, as there are three levels of inventories. It need be continuously observed the particular inventories level. That is if one inventory is not utilizing in an effective manner, than it need to be shifted to another inventory level (Mahal Hossain, 2015). Chrysler required conducting training and development programs, changing in management structure, to making the management understand about the activity based accounting. Chrysler also conducted various seminars to make the employees communicate and understand the concept and uses of activity based costing. It was being observed by Chrysler that after implementing activity based costing in their organization it has made improvements in better effective product costing, better cost control management, effective allocation of overheads, more accurate cost information, tracing of non value added materials, and non effective materials. If activity based costing s treated as the independent variable then, return on assets, return on equity, gross profit margin, net profit margin are considered as dependent variables (Chea, 2011). Chrysler Corporation after implementing activity based costing technique had higher overhead cost as some percentage of its total product cost. Apart from this the production processes made difficult for the companies who have implemented ABC techniques. Impact on Organization that have Implementing ABC Analysis The impact on Chrysler by implementing the activity based costing is that the true cost estimated in the activity based costing was as 30 times as compare to the traditional costing method. Hence the impact of this new costing method had on Chrysler Company was that it has started outsourcing that particular products or services. Because of the threats and challenges consist in ABC analysis is that, 70% failure rate was experienced in the U.S. based companies. The impact on Chryslers financial management was that they need to establish a process in which changes in the assumptions and operations were required. Besides this it has enabled for Chrysler to easily allocate the indirect cost in accounting. Apart from that the most important thing is it does not follow the compliances of GAAP (generally accepted accounting principle). Hence the company implementing the activity based costing analysis is required to maintain two costing methods that is one is for the internal use of the corporation as ABC analysis, and another costing method is used for the compliance of GAAP. Apart from that more resources are required in ABC analysis as compare to traditional costing method. That is in ABC analysis it need to be analyzed continuously that class A inventory are utilized as per the standards set or not. And if these are not used as per the standards then these inventories need to be shifted to other class inventory (Hroot, Mssadeh, Amireh, 2015). Bob Lutz, who is the president at Chrysler, he acted as a spokesperson during the seminar conducted. He created an environment in which ABC implementers presented their respective views regarding the productivity. After all this learning seminars, a considerable amount of success was observed in the performance of the company. This had make mangers more relaxed after the success observed in the operations. Every region has different accounting system and costing variables hence, it cannot be adopted universally same, due to this it was very difficult for the company to set pricing standards. Conclusion It is concluded that to make implementation successful of activity based accounting change in management structure, increased in communication, improved training and development for the managers and laborers need to be required. The dependent variables (operations and financial structure) got affected due to the implementation of independent variables (activity based costing). Apart from this implementation of this method caused an impact on product and services costing, that is as some of the products costs are taken at below cost, while some of the products were taken at above cost. Hence this has resulted into the company in outsourcing the particular product which was taken at above cost. It was the views of the managers that after the implementation of activity based costing it leads to improvement in the organizational performances as compare to the traditionally used costing method. Hence it can be concluded that apart from the benefits of activity based costing there are some major disadvantages also, which has make difficult for the small companies to adopt this practice. References Chandra, N Pramanik,A,K. (2012). Application of activity based costing in manufacturing companies in Bangladesh: A survey based study. The USV annals of economics and public administration. Vol 12. Issue 1(15) Chea,A,C.(2011). Activity-based costing system in the service sector: A strategic approach for enhancing managerial decision making and competitiveness. International journal of business and management, Vol 6th, No. 11th Fadzil,F,H,B Rababah,A. (2012). Management accounting change: ABC adoption and implementation. Journal of accounting and auditing: research practice Fei,Z,Y Isa,C,R. (2010). Factors influencing activity-based costing success: A research framework. International journal of trade, economics and finance, Vol.1st, No.2nd Hroot,Y,A,K. Mssadeh,A,A,D. Amireh,M,S,L. (2015). The effect of activity- based costing on companies financial performance: A study among Jordanian industrial shareholding companies. European journal of business and management. Vol 7th, No. 35th. Innes,J. Mitchell,F Sinclair,D.(2000). Activity-based costing in the U.K.s largest companies: a comparison of 1994 and 1999 survey results. Management accounting research Mahal,I Hossain,M,A. (2015). Activity- based costing (ABC)- an effective tool for better management. Research journal of finance and accounting, Vol 6th, No. 4th Rbabah,A.(2013). The influence of company characteristics factors to activity based costing system implementation. Journal of education and vocational research. Vol 4th, No 2nd

The length of Pencil lead affect Its Resistance Essay Example

The length of Pencil lead affect Its Resistance Paper Aim: The aim of this piece of course work is to find out how does the resistance of a pencil lead changes as I increase its length. And to find out what is the relationship between the length of a pencil lead and its resistance. Safety: Safety is a very important thing to consider as we doing a scientific experiment, so is this experiment. For make sure there will not be any accident as I doing this experiment, I will do the following things. 1, I will make sure I had set up the right electrical circuit before I let the electricity run through the circuit, to prevent the short circuit. 2, I will add a switch in the circuit, so that will prevent the lead get too hot to handle and to prevent the battery wasting. 3, I will be careful when I am holding the pencil lead because it would burning your skin if it got to hot. Fair Test: I will try to make this experiment as fair as I can, therefore I would be able to get some reliable results. To make this experiment be a fair experiment, I will do the following things. 1, I will put all my experimental equipments in the box, so that I can use the same equipments every time, such as battery packs and pencil lead. We will write a custom essay sample on The length of Pencil lead affect Its Resistance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The length of Pencil lead affect Its Resistance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The length of Pencil lead affect Its Resistance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 2, I will do the same thing three times, and I will make sure that I finish every time I started because it would be some physical changing to the equipments if I left them there. Apparatus: For this experiment, I need a battery pack (4 batteries), a switch, and a set of wires, an ammeter, a voltmeter, 2 crocodile clips and a pencil lead. Method: I have chosen this method for this experiment because I think it is a fair and safe way to carry out the experiment. Firstly, the circuit will be set up in a right way as the graph (G1) was shown below, and I will check it before I start the experiment. I will make sure set the ammeter in a series circuit and voltmeter in a parallel circuit, I do this is because the scientific knowledge that is the voltmeters resistance is too big to allow the electricity pass through. Secondly, the pencil lead has 15 marks on it and each 1cm apart, I will start the experiment with the 15cm far between two crocodiles, and the distance between two crocodiles will be decreased 1cm each time the reading was taken until they are 1cm apart. I will take the reading of current (amps) and the voltage (volts) each time because the resistance could be calculated out by those two. (Resistance x Current = Voltage) Thirdly, I will take all my results in two decimal places to make the results as accuracy as possible. Finally, I will carry out this experiment 3 times and find the average resistance at last, so that the results I got would be fairly accurate, and it makes this experiment pretty fair as well. Prediction: I predict that the length of pencil lead will be directly proportional to its resistance, which means the longer the lead have the bigger resistance. This should produce a straight-line graph where resistance doubles when length doubles (see following page). I predict this because the resistance in a conductor is due to collisions between electrons and the particles of the conductor, therefore a piece of lead twice as long as another will have twice the number of particles and the probability for collisions will consequently be double, meaning double the resistance. This is what I predict the shape of the graph will look like: Analysing and Concluding: The graph 1 shows the length of pencil lead against its resistance. My results did not reflect my prediction perfectly well, it shows that they have the directly proportional to each other but it did not show the double length have double resistance. The line has crossed y-axis at 3. 9263 that is not right because it should be crossed it at 0. I have found out the equation of my line which is y=1. 0295x+3. 9263 by mathematical method, I should get the equation y=x but I actually got the plus-3. 9263. This is the reason why my line crossed y-axis at point 3. 9263, then I minus every average resistance by 3. 9263 and I have drawn another graph 2 of those results. It gave me a perfect line that started from point 0 of y-axis, and shows that the double length has double resistance, such as the resistance is 3. 4 ohms when the length is 4cm, and the resistance changes to 7. 6 ohms when the length changed to 8cm. These results are pretty accurate and proved that my prediction was right. I think the reason of the 3. 9263 exists is because of the extra resistance in my circuit, such as wires and ammeter even though there resistance is not that much. However, my graph has shown that the proportionality between the length of it and resistance. The interesting thing was that the lead would get very hot if the distance between two crocodile clips very short, I think it is because the particles collisions, which related to my scientific explanation in the planning. I could work out the resistivity of the pencil lead by this equation- R x A=P x L (R: resistance, A: area, P: resistivity, L: length). (This secondary source is come from the Advancing Physics AS textbook) Evaluation: This experiment was done well and the aim was achieved, I have got my results but they are not perfectly accurate, and I had explained the reasons in my analysing section. However, I think the method I chosen was still a good and fair method to do this experiment. My results were not far away from the line of best fit and I have drawn the perfect graph in the analysing section, anyway, this does affect my confidence when I am making my conclusion. There still were some anomalous results that were shown on my graph, they did not fit the line quite well. I think this is because I did not wait for the pencil lead cooled down each time after I had done one experiment, because I do not have enough time to carry out the whole experiment once. I think this is the main reason caused those anomalous results, because apparently the temperature is directly proportional to the graphites (the material of pencil lead) resistance. To improve my method to get more reliable results, I will do the following things. Firstly, I will choose something else to instead of crocodile clips, which have more contacting area with the lead; therefore it will allow the electricity passed more easily. Secondly, I will carry out this experiment more time and I will finish all the experiments at the same time, which means I will not do the whole experiment separately. To extend this experiment, I will do the following steps. Firstly, I would choose the other compositions of the pencil lead to investigate, such as 2B, 4B or 6B. Secondly, I would try to find out how does the thickness of the pencil lead affect its resistance. Thirdly, I could investigate the relationship between the temperature of the pencil lead and its resistance. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.